26. Bacteria are involved in the production of which of the following substances?
a) antibiotics
b) hormones
c) ethanol
d) all of the above
27. Which of the following bacterial structures is involved in genetic exchange between bacteria?
a) pili
b) flagella
c) cytoplasm
d) capsule
28. Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing leprosy?
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Treponema pallidum
d) Mycobacterium leprae
29. Bacterial spores are highly resistant structures that allow bacteria to survive under unfavorable conditions. Which of the following bacteria forms spores?
a) Escherichia coli
b) Streptococcus pyogenes
c) Bacillus subtilis
d) Staphylococcus aureus
30. Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance through which of the following mechanisms?
a) mutation
b) conjugation
c) transformation
d) all of the above
