31. The ‘Doctrine of Estoppel’ states that:
a) The Centre cannot interfere in the affairs of the States
b) The States cannot interfere in the affairs of the Centre
c) The Centre and the States are bound by their past actions and representations
d) The Centre and the States are independent of each other
32. The ‘Doctrine of Territorial Waters’ deals with:
a) The maritime boundary between the Centre and the States
b) The maritime boundary between India and other countries
c) The territorial jurisdiction of Union territories
d) The territorial jurisdiction of the States
33. The ‘Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility’ states that:
a) Ministers are responsible to the Centre and not to the States
b) Ministers are responsible to the States and not to the Centre
c) Ministers are responsible to both the Centre and the States
d) Ministers are not responsible to either the Centre or the States
34. The ‘Doctrine of Harmonious Construction’ emphasizes:
a) The need for a balance between the powers of the Centre and the States
b) The need for a clear separation of powers between the Centre and the States
c) The need for exclusive powers for the Centre over the States
d) The need for exclusive powers for the States over the Centre
35. The concept of ‘Single Citizenship’ in India implies that:
a) There is only one category of citizens in the country
b) Every citizen is a citizen of both the Centre and the States
c) Every citizen is a citizen of either the Centre or the States
d) Every citizen is a citizen of the Union of India
