‘One Nation, One Election’ in India: Timeline, Challenges, and Why It May Only Happen in 2034

India’s ambitious proposal to implement simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, known as the “One Nation, One Election” plan, may only be achievable by 2034. While the concept has generated considerable debate, several challenges and procedural steps must be addressed before it can become a reality. In this article, we will break down the details, timelines, and key factors that could affect the implementation of this plan.

What is ‘One Nation, One Election’?

The ‘One Nation, One Election’ proposal suggests conducting elections for the Lok Sabha (National Parliament) and State Assemblies simultaneously, rather than holding them separately. This move aims to reduce the cost of elections, streamline the election process, and ensure more effective governance. However, the government’s timeline and challenges involved indicate that it may take longer than expected.

Timeline for Simultaneous Elections: Why 2034?

Cabinet’s Approval and Next Steps

• The Cabinet recently cleared Bills for the “One Nation, One Election” plan. However, government sources suggest that these Bills may not come into effect until 2034.
• The proposed Bills include changes to the Indian Constitution, such as new provisions (Articles 82 A(1) and 82 A(2)) to align the terms of State Assemblies with the Lok Sabha’s five-year term.

Key Steps in the Process

1. Lok Sabha Elections: The first sitting of the Lok Sabha elected in 2029 would mark the “appointed date” for implementing this plan.
2. State Assemblies: Once the appointed date is notified, the terms of the newly elected State Assemblies will be adjusted to ensure they align with the Lok Sabha’s term.

This revised approach indicates that simultaneous elections will likely occur in 2034, when the terms of both the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies align.

Challenges in Implementing ‘One Nation, One Election’

1. Election Commission’s Preparation

• The Election Commission (EC) is tasked with managing the logistics of holding simultaneous elections. This includes procuring new Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) for both the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections.
• Timeline for EVM Procurement: The EC needs around two-and-a-half to three years to double the number of EVMs required for simultaneous voting. The procurement process will take seven to eight months just for materials, with manufacturers needing to scale up production.

Key Insight: Even if the government builds political consensus and passes the Bill by 2025 or early 2026, the EC would need a few more years to ensure proper infrastructure is in place for the elections in 2029.

2. Political and Logistical Challenges

• Political Consensus: Achieving political agreement across all states and parties is crucial before the Bill can be passed.
• Local Body Elections: The Kovind Committee recommended a third Bill to synchronize local body elections 100 days after the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections. However, this aspect has not been considered for now.

Exam Tip: Understanding the political complexities and logistical requirements surrounding elections will help you in answering related questions in competitive exams, especially in topics like governance, political science, and public administration.

3. State-Level Considerations

• Amendments to the Constitution would require ratification by 50% of states, as local body elections are managed by State Election Commissions. This adds another layer of complexity to the plan.
• Furthermore, creating a single electoral roll that aligns with state boundaries and local constituencies would require significant administrative coordination.

What Needs to Happen Before 2034?

• Political Consensus: All parties must agree on the proposal.
• Constitutional Amendments: Articles 82 A(1) and 82 A(2) need to be introduced and passed by Parliament.
• Logistics and Infrastructure: The Election Commission must ensure it has the infrastructure to handle simultaneous elections, including more EVMs, electoral rolls, and logistics for multiple elections at the same time.

Key Takeaways for Competitive Exam Aspirants

1. Understand Key Constitutional Amendments: In-depth knowledge of the proposed constitutional amendments is essential, especially for students preparing for exams in political science, law, or governance.
2. Focus on Election Management: Learn how election logistics, such as EVM procurement, electoral rolls, and political consensus, influence the election process. This is relevant for understanding the workings of the Election Commission.
3. Explore Political and Legal Implications: Keep track of developments in political consensus and legal processes as they play a critical role in the ‘One Nation, One Election’ plan.
4. Government’s Role in Governance: Understanding how the government navigates complex political, administrative, and logistical challenges can help in answering questions related to policy-making and governance.

Conclusion: What Does This Mean for India’s Future?

While the ‘One Nation, One Election’ plan may take time to implement, it reflects the government’s vision for improving India’s election process and governance. For students preparing for competitive exams, staying informed about the political, constitutional, and logistical aspects of this major reform will enhance your understanding of Indian governance and policy-making. Keep track of future developments in this area as they unfold, as this could be a key topic in upcoming exams.