Photosynthesis, Respiration and Nutrition in Plants 

26. The main function of fermentation in the absence of oxygen is to:

a) Generate ATP

b) Convert pyruvate into ethanol or lactic acid

c) Regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue

d) Convert glucose into pyruvate

27. The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called:

a) Glycolysis

b) Krebs cycle

c) Calvin cycle

d) Oxidative phosphorylation

28. The primary pigment involved in the Calvin cycle is:

a) Chlorophyll a

b) Chlorophyll b

c) Carotenoids

d) Xanthophylls

29. RuBP is regenerated during the Calvin cycle through a process known as:

a) Carbon fixation

b) Photorespiration

c) C3 photosynthesis

d) Regeneration of RuBP

30. Plants that use the C4 pathway of photosynthesis are more efficient in hot and dry environments because they:

a) Reduce water loss through transpiration

b) Minimize photorespiration

c) Maximize ATP production

d) Synthesize more glucose per molecule of carbon dioxide