11. In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is represented by:
a) Pollen grain
b) Ovule
c) Seed
d) Embryo
12. Which of the following is not a characteristic of gymnosperms?
a) Reproduction by spores
b) Vascular tissue for water and nutrient transport
c) Seeds as reproductive structures
d) Production of cones or strobili
13. What is the function of winged seeds in some gymnosperms?
a) They help in dispersal by wind
b) They attract pollinators
c) They protect the seeds from predators
d) They aid in water transport
14. The seed coat in gymnosperms is formed from:
a) The integument of the ovule
b) The petals of the flower
c) The male gametophyte
d) The female gametophyte
15. What is the ploidy level of the embryo in a gymnosperm seed?
a) Haploid
b) Diploid
c) Triploid
d) Tetraploid
